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August 26, 1899, showing the tale carrier carrying his bag of
tales (and supporting a long bushy tail of course) towards the
office.
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May 19, 1900, A Lesson to the Quarrymen showing Henry Jones,
Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow
showing to the workmen at the May Day meeting at Caernarfon how
ill organised the Union really was.
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May 26th, 1900, The Quarryman's Choice showing quarrymen
leaving for the coal mines of Southern Wales, saying the pay was
much better down there where there were also far fewer
stewards.
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Then two days into the strike
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November 24, 1900 The Fracas at Penrhyn showing Lord Penrhyn
standing behind a soldier, bayonet fixed, facing a worker
carrying a stick whilst D.R. Daniel the Union
Organiser stands behind him. Penrhyn has his faith in the
bayonet, What a pity for such an amiable chap to be so
irresponsible But the worker has no need for cruelty; he should
pay attention to the Organiser and the Union.
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Eight days before Young's modified terms
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December 15, 1900 Invitation and Rejection (or Mr Young's
stance)
Showing E.A. Young resplendent in frock coat and
outstretched hands appealing to three workers whilst others can
be seen leaving the area. Mr Young is feeling very annoyed at
all this.
He disciplined vigorously, but things went from bad to worse
finishing like a damp squib
Whilst I see the solid workers leave Bethesda in the middle of
the stormy and frosty weather.
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With the closure now complete
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January 19, 1901, calling the bees back to the Penrhyn hive.
Zabulon Dafydd (the archetypal Welshman) stands with his pot of
forgiveness, whilst Young is beating a metal tray over a box of
sulphur keeping the bees away. Os course the entrance to the hive
is also blocked with a large stone. Zabulon says, Daub the hive
with some honey of forgiveness Sir instead of all that Sulphur,
and take the rock away from the entrance.
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Seven weeks later, the situation was grim
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March 9, 1901, The Cloud over Bethesda. How long will last
this dark and stormy night?
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Then nearly ten weeks later
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May 25, 1901, Wanting and not Wanting. Watched by the
ever-present Zabulon Dafydd, Young is sticking up one of his
posters calling for workers to return to split slates. But with
irony, it is to the stewards that he is appealing. There is no
room for 'leaders.' Significantly it is Young who is doing all
the work, Penrhyn stands back looking on. This was as it was. He
left everything to Young and was seldom in Northern Wales during
the Strike.
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Four days after the re opening
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June 15, 1901. The Foolishness at Bethesda. Stewards and
workers are escorted to the quarry surrounded by groups of four
policemen. A mother, boy and baby stand by, each in turn shouting
Bw!!! The Steward remarks; Now officers, that is a conspiracy.
Summon them.
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A week later, the Punt y Gynffon (Tail Pound) has been given
to all working at the quarry.
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June 22, 1901. Punt y Gynffon. Judas atop the gallows listens
to the 'traitor' exclaiming 'Only twenty shillings'. To which he
retorts, 'The price has dropped since my day, but here's a chance
for you to follow my example even further.'
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July 27, 1901. A reference to the first legal threats between
Lord Penrhyn and W. J. Parry.
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Two months later, with more returning to the quarry, with
around 650 working out of a total of over 2,500, and tensions
mounting, 250 soldiers have been called in. However the cartoon
was premature as 26 men appeared before the magistrates at Bangor
at the beginning of September.
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August 24, 1901. A Wasted Journey to Bethesda. Full of spirit
the soldier asks 'Where are these troublemakers?' Whilst he has
to leave eventually with bowed head. 'Well I'll be jiggered.'
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During the last week of 1901 a plea went out,
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December 28, 1901. Lord Penrhyn stands with typical folded
arms, whilst Father Christmas clasps the hand of a worker and
holds out his other hand towards him. He says, 'To men of
goodwill,' - Now My Lord, Agree!
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It was a vain plea, with men returning from the coalfields,
violence erupted in Bethesda on New Year's Eve. Twenty-seven were
arrested.
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In February 1902 Caernarfonshire County Council intervened in
an attempt to arbitrate. Several meetings were held with men's
representatives and with E.A. Young. Penrhyn however refused to
be interviewed and the peace moves failed. By now, the dispute
had solidified as to the right of the workmen to meet their
employers through the Union Committee. Peace came in South Africa
but not to Bethesda.
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August 2, 1902. Zabulon Dafydd talks to Sian whilst John Bull
and De Wet? shake hands in the background. 'Well Sian, things
have been settled out in the Transvaal. Shame about Penrhyn
though. To which Sian replies, 'Yes a great pity. Did you hear
that it was the king who insisted on settling things out there?
'Yes,' said Zabulon, 'but it's easier to deal with De Wet than
some of the gentry in this country. I'm sure the king isn't
pleased.
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By now, the workforce at the quarry was up to 700, most of
which were from outlying villages, whilst Bethesda held firm. But
with 2,000 men still out, violence could flare up at any time,
which it did in early September. At the end of the month Lord
Penrhyn agreed to meet a deputation of men if a quarry committee
was not discussed. He then decided not to talk about
representation at all, and the deputation was called off. Papur
Pawb reacted with a cartoon.
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October 4, 1902. By the pool of Bethesda. Zabulon Dafydd and a
towel clad Lord Penrhyn again with his arms folded, and clad in a
towel stand by the edge of the pool. Zabulon asks P-RH-N 'Why are
you shivering here? Penrhyn replies, 'I am waiting for an angel
to touch the waters so that I will be cured. To which Zabulon
replies, It would be a blessing indeed if any kind of angel came
to push you!'
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No angel came. The Board of Trade was asked to intervene and
in March 1903, Penrhyn instigated libel proceedings against W. J.
Parry, forcing Parry to pay £500 in damages. Penrhyn's lawyer
offered negotiations and substantial agreement was reached.
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March 24, 1903. In Bethesda a couple with girl and baby wonder
'Is dawn about to break?
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It was a false dawn as Penrhyn withdrew his confidence in his
lawyer and wanted total surrender.
At long last, William Jones, the Liberal M.P. for the Arfon
constituency raised the incident in Parliament. A complicated yet
charismatic member, after being held in high esteem since 1895,
murmurings were rising against him at grass roots level.
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May 23, 1903. Zabulon Dafydd is admiring a picture of the M.P.
The Quarrymen's Union are talking about getting a salaried M.P.
and call him a Labour Member. To which Zabulon retorts, 'In all
reason, who would make a better Labour Member for them than
William Jones?'
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The Quarry Committee had appealed for arbitration inviting a
list from the Prime Minister downwards, or anyone appointed by
H.R.H. the Prince of Wales or the Government to name an
arbitrator the month before. Penrhyn was not budging an inch.
Another local pie in the sky idea was mooted and which was
depicted in Papur Pawb.
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June 20, 1903. Moel Faban. Shows Lord Penrhyn gazing out from
one of the castle turrets at a long line of workers returning
home from work. The newspapers claim that there are moves afoot
to buy and work the quarries at Moel Faban, Tanybwlch and
Pantdreiniog. The artist imagines a scene like this happening
soon.' J. R. Hughes had a vivid imagination!
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The strike continued somewhat aimlessly with much
recrimination and confusion. Many signed back for work secretly
whilst others emigrated. In late September the General Federation
of Trade Unions stopped its payments to the men, and declared the
following month, that as far as they were concerned, that the
strike was over.
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October 24, 1903. Titled 'Bethesda' A worker sitting in a
state of hopelessness, head resting in his hand with the quarry
in the background, still strangely empty! It looks hopeless to
expect a settlement. And it was.
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On November 7, by a margin of 192 votes to 161 a small meeting
in Bethesda voted to return to work.
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November 21, 1903. The Penrhyn Troubles. Lord Penrhyn and a
worker are shaking hands. 'Is this how it is to be from now
on?
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